God As The Reconciler: A Theological Reflection On The Being And Character Of God In The Work Of Reconciliation: God As The Reconciler: A Theological Reflection On The Being And Character Of God In The Work Of Reconciliation

Coky Agustinus Panjaitan; Ruben  Nesimnasi

doi:10.58983/jmurai.v7i2.321

Authors

Coky Agustinus Panjaitan Sekolah Tinggi Theologi “Ikat” Jakarta
Ruben Nesimnasi Sekolah Tinggi Theologi "IKAT" Jakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58983/jmurai.v7i2.321

Keywords:

Allah Sebagai Rekonsiliator, Rekonsiliasi, Teologi Sistematika, Karakter Allah, Doktrin Keselamatan

Abstract

Studies on reconciliation in Christian theology have predominantly focused on Christological, soteriological, or ethical-social dimensions, while limited attention has been given to God as the primary subject and initiator of reconciliation through the integration of His being and divine attributes. This study aims to analyze how the being of God serves as the ontological foundation of reconciliation and how His divine character is manifested in the work of reconciling humanity to Himself. This research employs a qualitative library research method by integrating systematic theology and biblical theology approaches. Data were analyzed through content analysis, theological hermeneutics of biblical texts, and conceptual synthesis of contemporary theological literature. The findings reveal that reconciliation is fundamentally rooted in the eternal, sovereign, and loving being of God, demonstrating that the act of reconciliation originates from God's own nature rather than human initiative. Furthermore, God's attributes—including love, holiness, justice, grace, faithfulness, and forgiveness—operate harmoniously in the redemptive work of Jesus Christ without compromising any divine perfection. This study offers an integrative perspective that bridges theology proper and soteriology, presenting reconciliation not merely as a salvific event but as the comprehensive expression of God's being and character. The findings contribute conceptually to the development of systematic theology while reinforcing the theological and practical relevance of reconciliation for the contemporary church and society.

References

Achmad Faisol Haq (2020) “Pemikiran Teologi Teosentris Menuju Antroposentris Hasan Hanafi,” Jurnal Ilmiah Spiritualis: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam Dan Tasawuf, 6(2). Available At: Https://Doi.Org/10.53429/Spiritualis.V6i2.132.

Aulu, R.N.E. And Selan, S. (2023) “Pengorbanan Sejati Sebagai Jalan Rekonsiliasi Dalam Berelasi Dan Berinteraksi: Suatu Perspektif Teologis-Biblis,” Jurnal Teologi Injili, 3(1). Available At: Https://Doi.Org/10.55626/Jti.V3i1.52.

Azadegan, E. (2023) “Necessary Existence, Immutability, And God’s Knowledge Of Particulars: A Reply To Amirhossein Zadyousefi,” Philosophy East And West, 73(1). Available At: Https://Doi.Org/10.1353/Pew.2023.0009.

Barth, Karl., Bromiley, G.W.. And Torrance, T.F.. (2004) The Doctrine Of Reconciliation?: Church Dogmatics. Continuum.

Basri, H.A. And Panggarra, R. (2026a) “Reformed Christology: Historical Foundations And Contemporary Doctrinal Implications,” Evangelikal: Jurnal Teologi Injili Dan Pembinaan Warga Jemaat, 10(1), Pp. 133–152. Available At: Https://Doi.Org/10.46445/Ejti.V10i1.1051.

Basri, H.A. And Panggarra, R. (2026b) “Reformed Christology: Historical Foundations And Contemporary Doctrinal Implications,” Evangelikal: Jurnal Teologi Injili Dan Pembinaan Warga Jemaat, 10(1), Pp. 133–152. Available At: Https://Doi.Org/10.46445/Ejti.V10i1.1051.

Bavinck, Herman., Bolt, John. And Vriend, John. (2003) Reformed Dogmatics. Baker Academic.

Berkhof, Louis. And Thianto, Yudha. (1993) Teologi Sistematika. Lembaga Reformed Injili Indonesia.

Boaheng, I. (2024a) “A Christological Reflection On Akan Hamartiology And Reconciliation,” International Journal Of Social Science Research And Review, 7(4). Available At: Https://Doi.Org/10.47814/Ijssrr.V7i4.2078.

Boaheng, I. (2024b) N Essential Guide To Research Methodologies In Theology And Religious Studies. Noyam. Available At: Https://Doi.Org/10.38159/Npub.Eb2024601.

Boaheng, I. (2024c) “Theological Appraisal Of The Satisfaction Theory Of Atonement,” Stellenbosch Theological Journal, 10(1). Available At: Https://Doi.Org/10.17570/Stj.2024.V10n1.4.

Boehme, A.J. (2012) “The Social Significance Of Reconciliation In Paul’s Theology: Narrative Readings In Romans – By Corneliu Constantineanu,” Reviews In Religion & Theology, 19(1). Available At: Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/J.1467-9418.2011.00950.X.

Brewbaker, W.S. (2013) “God, Justice And Law: Reflections On Christian Legal Thought,” Law, Culture And The Humanities. Available At: Https://Doi.Org/10.1177/1743872110386526.

Cullmann, Oscar. (2018) The Christology Of The New Testament. Baylor University Press.

Efrain, E.P. (2024) “Membangun Teologi Pelayanan Yang Utuh Belajar Dari Kehidupan Yusuf,” Jurnal Misioner, 4(2), Pp. 507–529. Available At: Https://Doi.Org/10.51770/Jm.V4i2.192.

Erickson, M.J.. (1998) Christian Theology. Baker Book House.

Eyo, U.E. (2020) “The Concept Of Atonement In The Old Testament, Greco-Roman World And The New Testament,” Journal Of Humanities And Social Sciences, 2(2). Available At: Https://Doi.Org/10.36079/Lamintang.Jhass-0202.124.

Grudem, Wayne. (1994) Systematic Theology?: An Introduction To Biblical Doctrine. Inter-Varsity.

Iman Pasrah Zai And Yeremia Hia (2025) “Gereja Sebagai Komunitas Yang Sehat Dan Dampaknya Bagi Orang Percaya,” Tri Tunggal: Jurnal Pendidikan Kristen Dan Katolik, 3(2). Available At: Https://Doi.Org/10.61132/Tritunggal.V3i2.1214.

Kapic, K.M. (2001) “The Son’s Assumption Of A Human Nature: A Call For Clarity,” International Journal Of Systematic Theology, 3(2). Available At: Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/1463-1652.00057.

Lawolo, Y. Et Al. (2024) “Memahami Konsep Keselamatan Di Luar Kristen Berdasarkan 1 Timotius 2:5-6,” Caraka: Jurnal Teologi Biblika Dan Praktika, 5(2). Available At: Https://Doi.Org/10.46348/Car.V5i2.286.

Manogu, R. (2019) “A Theological Review Of Approaching Models In The Dialog Of Faith And Science,” Diligentia: Journal Of Theology And Christian Education, 1(1). Available At: Https://Doi.Org/10.19166/Dil.V1i1.1889.

Marga, I. (2021) “Love And Justice From A Canonical Perspective,” Hts Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies, 77(4). Available At: Https://Doi.Org/10.4102/Hts.V77i4.6748.

Nasir, Moh. (1998) Metode Penelitian. Ghalia Indonesia.

Nego, O. And Yohanes, Y. (2024) “Teologi Sistematika Dan Konstruksi Pendidikan Multikultural Di Indonesia,” Sanctum Domine: Jurnal Teologi, 14(1). Available At: Https://Doi.Org/10.46495/Sdjt.V14i1.283.

Ngabalin, M. (2017) “Teologi Pembebasan Menurut Gustavo Gutierrez Dan Implikasinya Bagi Persoalan Kemiskinan,” Kenosis: Jurnal Kajian Teologi, 3(2). Available At: Https://Doi.Org/10.37196/Kenosis.V3i2.10.

R.N.S. (1996) “Religious Freedom Abroad,” Christian Century, 113(36).

Ronda, D. (2025) “Shalom As A Theological Foundation For Reconciliation: Implications For Christian Leadership In Contemporary Indonesian Society,” Evangelikal: Jurnal Teologi Injili Dan Pembinaan Warga Jemaat, 9(2). Available At: Https://Doi.Org/10.46445/Ejti.V9i2.834.

Rumbay, C.A. (2021) “Constructing Contributive Dialogue Between The Doctrine Of God In John Owen Thought And First Principle Of Pancasila,” Dunamis: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristiani, 5(2). Available At: Https://Doi.Org/10.30648/Dun.V5i2.331.

Rumsory, Y.M. (2026) “Aku Adalah Pintu (Yohanes 10:7-9): Kajian Eksegesis Dan Teologi Pastoral,” Jurnal Magistra, 4(1), Pp. 16–34. Available At: Https://Doi.Org/10.62200/Magistra.V4i1.256.

Schriter, R.J. (2012) “Rekonsiliasi Kristiani: Berpijak Dari Pemikiran Robert J. Schreiter,” Melintas, 28(3).

Sergius Lay Et Al. (2026) “Keselamatan Sebagai Partisipasi Dalam Kehidupan Ilahi: Telaah Eskatologis Dalam Teologi Katolik Kontemporer,” Cendekia: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Bahasa Dan Pendidikan, 6(2), Pp. 394–406. Available At: Https://Doi.Org/10.55606/Cendekia.V6i2.9173.

Strabbing, J.T. (2020) “Forgiveness And Reconciliation,” Australasian Journal Of Philosophy, 98(3). Available At: Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/00048402.2019.1687532.

Streza, C. (2024) “Understanding God’s (Im)Mutability And (Im)Passibility: A Greek Patristic Point Of View,” Hts Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies, 80(2). Available At: Https://Doi.Org/10.4102/Hts.V80i2.9854.

Talumepa, V.A. (2024) “Teologi Liberalisme Salah Satu Teologi Kontemporer Suatu Kajian Analisis Bagi Pendidikan Agama Kristen,” Syntax Literate?; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia, 9(5). Available At: Https://Doi.Org/10.36418/Syntax-Literate.V9i5.15721.

Tanuhendrata, M.S. And Messakh, J. (2026) “Rekonsiliasi Dan Pemulihan Relasi Dalam Perspektif Teologi Pengampunan: Tafsir Teologis Kejadian 50:15–21,” Edulead: Journal Of Christian Education And Leadership, 6(2). Available At: Https://Doi.Org/10.47530/Edulead.V6i2.293.

Tarigan, M.S. (2019) “Implikasi Penebusan Kristus Dalam Pendidikan Kristen [The Implication Of Christ’s Redemption On Christian Education],” Polyglot: Jurnal Ilmiah, 15(2). Available At: Https://Doi.Org/10.19166/Pji.V15i2.1409.

Torrance, T.F.. And Walker, R.T.. (2014) Atonement?: The Person And Work Of Christ. Inter-Varsity Press.

Vorster, J.M. (2018) “The Doctrine Of Reconciliation: Its Meaning And Implications For Social Life,” In Die Skriflig / In Luce Verbi, 52(1). Available At: Https://Doi.Org/10.4102/Ids.V52i1.2367.

Waruwu, S. And Togatorop, M. (2020) “Menerapkan Prinsip Rekonsiliasi Menurut Roma 5:10-11,” Harvester: Jurnal Teologi Dan Kepemimpinan Kristen, 4(2). Available At: Https://Doi.Org/10.52104/Harvester.V4i2.18.

Wright, N.T.. (1996) Christian Origins And The Question Of God. Fortress Press.

Yiu, S. And Vorster, K. (2013) “The Goal Of Christian Virtue Ethics: From Ontological Foundation And Covenant Relationship To The Kingdom Of God,” In Die Skriflig/In Luce Verbi, 47(1). Available At: Https://Doi.Org/10.4102/Ids.V47i1.689.

Zarkasyi, A.F. Et Al. (2025) “The Theological Discourse On Divine Attributes: A Comparative Study Of Ash?arite, M?tur?dite, And Mu?tazilite Perspectives,” Journal Of Islamic And Occidental Studies, 3(1). Available At: Https://Doi.Org/10.21111/Jios.V3i1.56.